'\" t
.\"     Title: chpasswd
.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 04/29/2026
.\"    Manual: System Management Commands
.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.19.0
.\"  Language: Russian
.\"
.TH "chpasswd" "8" "04/29/2026" "shadow\-utils 4\&.19\&.0" "System Management Commands"
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.SH "ИМЯ"
chpasswd \- обновляет пароли в пакетном режиме
.SH "СИНОПСИС"
.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
.PP
The
\fBchpasswd\fR
command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
.PP
\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
.PP
By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
.PP
By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) you can select a different encryption method with the
\fB\-e\fR,
\fB\-m\fR, or
\fB\-c\fR
options\&.
.PP
Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords,
\fBchpasswd\fR
first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
.PP
When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the system database) then if a password cannot be updated
\fBchpasswd\fR
continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error code on exit\&.
.PP
Данная команда предназначена для работы в крупных системных средах, где за один раз заводится несколько учётных записей\&.
.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
.PP
The options which apply to the
\fBchpasswd\fR
command are:
.PP
\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
.RS 4
Использовать указанный метод для шифрования паролей\&.
.sp
The available methods are
\fIBCRYPT\fR,
\fIDES\fR,
\fIMD5\fR, \fISHA256\fR, \fISHA512\fR, \fIYESCRYPT\fR
and
\fINONE\fR
if your libc supports these methods\&.
.sp
По умолчанию, для шифрования паролей используется PAM\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
.RS 4
Передаваемые пароли заданы в шифрованном виде\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
.RS 4
Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
.RS 4
Использовать алгоритм шифрования MD5 вместо DES, если пароли передаются не шифрованными\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
.RS 4
Apply changes in the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory and use the configuration files from the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&. No SELINUX support\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
.RS 4
Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
.RS 4
Использовать указанное количество раундов шифрования паролей\&.
.sp
You can only use this option with crypt method:
\fIBCRYPT\fR
\fISHA256\fR \fISHA512\fR
\fIYESCRYPT\fR
.sp
By default, the number of rounds for BCRYPT is defined by the BCRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and BCRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
/etc/login\&.defs\&.
.sp
A minimal value of 4 and a maximal value of 31 will be enforced for BCRYPT\&. The default number of rounds is 13\&.
.sp
By default, the number of rounds for SHA256 or SHA512 is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
/etc/login\&.defs\&.
.sp
A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced for SHA256 and SHA512\&. The default number of rounds is 5000\&.
.sp
By default, the number of rounds for YESCRYPT is defined by the YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR in
/etc/login\&.defs\&.
.sp
A minimal value of 1 and a maximal value of 11 will be enforced for YESCRYPT\&. The default number of rounds is 5\&.
.RE
.SH "ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ"
.PP
Не забудьте установить права или umask, чтобы не позволить чтение не шифрованных файлов другими пользователями\&.
.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
.PP
The following configuration variables in
/etc/login\&.defs
change the behavior of this tool:
.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
.PP
/etc/passwd
.RS 4
содержит информацию о пользователях
.RE
.PP
/etc/shadow
.RS 4
содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
.RE
.PP
/etc/login\&.defs
.RS 4
содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
.RE
.PP
/etc/pam\&.d/chpasswd
.RS 4
PAM configuration for
\fBchpasswd\fR\&.
.RE
.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
.PP
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
\fBnewusers\fR(8),
\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
