// Created on: 2014-09-15
// Created by: Denis BOGOLEPOV
// Copyright (c) 2013-2014 OPEN CASCADE SAS
//
// This file is part of Open CASCADE Technology software library.
//
// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
// the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 as published
// by the Free Software Foundation, with special exception defined in the file
// OCCT_LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt. Consult the file LICENSE_LGPL_21.txt included in OCCT
// distribution for complete text of the license and disclaimer of any warranty.
//
// Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of Open CASCADE
// commercial license or contractual agreement.

#ifndef _BVH_QueueBuilder_Header
#define _BVH_QueueBuilder_Header

#include <BVH_Builder.hxx>
#include <BVH_BuildThread.hxx>
#include <NCollection_Vector.hxx>

//! Abstract BVH builder based on the concept of work queue.
//! Queue based BVH builders support parallelization with a
//! fixed number of threads (maximum efficiency is achieved
//! by setting the number of threads equal to the number of
//! CPU cores plus one). Note that to support parallel mode,
//! a corresponding BVH primitive set should provide thread
//! safe implementations of interface functions (e.g., Swap,
//! Box, Center). Otherwise, the results will be undefined.
//! \tparam T Numeric data type
//! \tparam N Vector dimension
template<class T, int N>
class BVH_QueueBuilder : public BVH_Builder<T, N>
{
public:

  //! Creates new BVH queue based builder.
  BVH_QueueBuilder (const Standard_Integer theLeafNodeSize,
                    const Standard_Integer theMaxTreeDepth,
                    const Standard_Integer theNumOfThreads = 1)
  : BVH_Builder<T, N> (theLeafNodeSize,
                       theMaxTreeDepth),
    myNumOfThreads (theNumOfThreads) {}

  //! Releases resources of BVH queue based builder.
  virtual ~BVH_QueueBuilder() {}

public:

  //! Builds BVH using specific algorithm.
  virtual void Build (BVH_Set<T, N>*       theSet,
                      BVH_Tree<T, N>*      theBVH,
                      const BVH_Box<T, N>& theBox) const Standard_OVERRIDE;

protected:

  //! Stores range of primitives belonging to a BVH node.
  struct BVH_PrimitiveRange
  {
    Standard_Integer Start;
    Standard_Integer Final;

    //! Creates new primitive range.
    BVH_PrimitiveRange (Standard_Integer theStart = -1,
                        Standard_Integer theFinal = -1)
    : Start (theStart),
      Final (theFinal)
    {
      //
    }

    //! Returns total number of primitives.
    Standard_Integer Size() const
    {
      return Final - Start + 1;
    }

    //! Checks if the range is initialized.
    Standard_Boolean IsValid() const
    {
      return Start != -1;
    }
  };

  //! Stores parameters of constructed child nodes.
  struct BVH_ChildNodes
  {
    //! Bounding boxes of child nodes.
    BVH_Box<T, N> Boxes[2];

    //! Primitive ranges of child nodes.
    BVH_PrimitiveRange Ranges[2];

    //! Creates new parameters of BVH child nodes.
    BVH_ChildNodes()
    {
      //
    }

    //! Creates new parameters of BVH child nodes.
    BVH_ChildNodes (const BVH_Box<T, N>&      theLftBox,
                    const BVH_Box<T, N>&      theRghBox,
                    const BVH_PrimitiveRange& theLftRange,
                    const BVH_PrimitiveRange& theRghRange)
    {
      Boxes[0]  = theLftBox;
      Boxes[1]  = theRghBox;
      Ranges[0] = theLftRange;
      Ranges[1] = theRghRange;
    }

    //! Returns number of primitives in the given child.
    Standard_Integer NbPrims (const Standard_Integer theChild) const
    {
      return Ranges[theChild].Size();
    }

    //! Checks if the parameters is initialized.
    Standard_Boolean IsValid() const
    {
      return Ranges[0].IsValid() && Ranges[1].IsValid();
    }
  };

  //! Wrapper for BVH build data.
  class BVH_TypedBuildTool : public BVH_BuildTool
  {
  public:

    //! Creates new BVH build thread.
    BVH_TypedBuildTool (BVH_Set<T, N>*  theSet,
                        BVH_Tree<T, N>* theBVH,
                        BVH_BuildQueue& theBuildQueue,
                        const BVH_QueueBuilder<T, N>* theAlgo)
    : mySet  (theSet),
      myBVH  (theBVH),
      myBuildQueue (&theBuildQueue),
      myAlgo (theAlgo)
    {
      Standard_ASSERT_RAISE (myAlgo != NULL, "Error! BVH builder should be queue based");
    }

    //! Performs splitting of the given BVH node.
    virtual void Perform (const Standard_Integer theNode) Standard_OVERRIDE
    {
      const typename BVH_QueueBuilder<T, N>::BVH_ChildNodes aChildren = myAlgo->buildNode (mySet, myBVH, theNode);
      myAlgo->addChildren (myBVH, *myBuildQueue, theNode, aChildren);
    }

  protected:

    BVH_Set<T, N>*                mySet;        //!< Primitive set to build BVH
    BVH_Tree<T, N>*               myBVH;        //!< Output BVH tree for the set
    BVH_BuildQueue*               myBuildQueue;
    const BVH_QueueBuilder<T, N>* myAlgo;       //!< Queue based BVH builder to use

  };

protected:

  //! Performs splitting of the given BVH node.
  virtual typename BVH_QueueBuilder<T, N>::BVH_ChildNodes buildNode (BVH_Set<T, N>*         theSet,
                                                                     BVH_Tree<T, N>*        theBVH,
                                                                     const Standard_Integer theNode) const = 0;

  //! Processes child nodes of the splitted BVH node.
  virtual void addChildren (BVH_Tree<T, N>*        theBVH,
                            BVH_BuildQueue&        theBuildQueue,
							const Standard_Integer theNode,
                            const BVH_ChildNodes&  theSubNodes) const;

protected:

  Standard_Integer myNumOfThreads; //!< Number of threads used to build BVH

};

// =======================================================================
// function : addChildren
// purpose  :
// =======================================================================
template<class T, int N>
void BVH_QueueBuilder<T, N>::addChildren (BVH_Tree<T, N>* theBVH,
                                          BVH_BuildQueue& theBuildQueue,
							              const Standard_Integer theNode,
                                          const typename BVH_QueueBuilder<T, N>::BVH_ChildNodes& theSubNodes) const
{
  Standard_Integer aChildren[] = { -1, -1 };
  if (!theSubNodes.IsValid())
  {
    return;
  }

  // Add child nodes
  {
    Standard_Mutex::Sentry aSentry (theBuildQueue.myMutex);

    for (Standard_Integer anIdx = 0; anIdx < 2; ++anIdx)
    {
      aChildren[anIdx] = theBVH->AddLeafNode (theSubNodes.Boxes[anIdx],
                                              theSubNodes.Ranges[anIdx].Start,
                                              theSubNodes.Ranges[anIdx].Final);
    }

    BVH_Builder<T, N>::updateDepth (theBVH, theBVH->Level (theNode) + 1);
  }

  // Set parameters of child nodes and generate new tasks
  for (Standard_Integer anIdx = 0; anIdx < 2; ++anIdx)
  {
    const Standard_Integer aChildIndex = aChildren[anIdx];

    theBVH->Level (aChildIndex) = theBVH->Level (theNode) + 1;

    (anIdx == 0 ? theBVH->template Child<0> (theNode)
                : theBVH->template Child<1> (theNode)) = aChildIndex;

    // Check to see if the child node must be split
    const Standard_Boolean isLeaf = theSubNodes.NbPrims (anIdx) <= BVH_Builder<T, N>::myLeafNodeSize
                                 || theBVH->Level (aChildIndex) >= BVH_Builder<T, N>::myMaxTreeDepth;

    if (!isLeaf)
    {
      theBuildQueue.Enqueue (aChildIndex);
    }
  }
}

// =======================================================================
// function : Build
// purpose  : Builds BVH using specific algorithm
// =======================================================================
template<class T, int N>
void BVH_QueueBuilder<T, N>::Build (BVH_Set<T, N>*       theSet,
                                    BVH_Tree<T, N>*      theBVH,
                                    const BVH_Box<T, N>& theBox) const
{
  Standard_ASSERT_RETURN (theBVH != NULL,
    "Error! BVH tree to construct is NULL", );

  theBVH->Clear();
  const Standard_Integer aSetSize = theSet->Size();
  if (aSetSize == 0)
  {
    return;
  }

  const Standard_Integer aRoot = theBVH->AddLeafNode (theBox, 0, aSetSize - 1);
  if (theSet->Size() == 1)
  {
    return;
  }

  BVH_BuildQueue aBuildQueue;
  aBuildQueue.Enqueue (aRoot);

  BVH_TypedBuildTool aBuildTool (theSet, theBVH, aBuildQueue, this);
  if (myNumOfThreads > 1)
  {
    // Reserve the maximum possible number of nodes in the BVH
    theBVH->Reserve (2 * aSetSize - 1);

    NCollection_Vector<Handle(BVH_BuildThread)> aThreads;

    // Run BVH build threads
    for (Standard_Integer aThreadIndex = 0; aThreadIndex < myNumOfThreads; ++aThreadIndex)
    {
      aThreads.Append (new BVH_BuildThread (aBuildTool, aBuildQueue));
      aThreads.Last()->Run();
    }

    // Wait until all threads finish their work
    for (Standard_Integer aThreadIndex = 0; aThreadIndex < myNumOfThreads; ++aThreadIndex)
    {
      aThreads.ChangeValue (aThreadIndex)->Wait();
    }

    // Free unused memory
    theBVH->Reserve (theBVH->Length());
  }
  else
  {
    BVH_BuildThread aThread (aBuildTool, aBuildQueue);

    // Execute thread function inside current thread
    aThread.execute();
  }
}

#endif // _BVH_QueueBuilder_Header